An Art Authentication is not an Art Appraisal ... It's a common mistake in the US that people think an art appraisal equals an art authentication. It could not be more wrong. An art appraisal is an opinion of an item's value in fair market value or replacement value. It doesn't engage the art appraiser's responsibility if the painting is a fake or a copy. Fair Market vs Repalcement Value A/ Fair market value: The amount for which personal property would be sold in a voluntary transaction between a buyer and a seller. The auction value is most of the time considered as fair market value. B/ Replacement value: Replacement value or cost is the price an entity would pay to replace an existing asset at the current market price with a similar asset. Usually, the replacement asset is found in a gallery; that's why a replacement value is often compared with a gallery value. This gallery value is substantial as the value in auction, it may as well be double or triple the value of auction. An art authentication process includes: -Justification of authenticity by comparison with other works by the artist - Establish the place of the artwork in the "catalog raisonne" - Comparison with other works by the same artist of the same period. - Comparison with other artists of the same period or movement. - Research about the history, provenance, etc. - Establish and verify the history of the painting. - Graphology analysis of handwriting. ( rarely) - Signature analysis. ( always) - On-site analysis of the painting. ( if possible ) - Study of the pigments, usually when a COA was denied - Study of the support - Study of the manner. - Wood lamp test. Presentation of the file to the solely universal recognized expert for the artist. Each major artist has his own "SOLELY UNIVERSAL RECOGNIZED AUTHENTICATION EXPERT". COA & Galleries, Auction Houses Sotheby's, Christie's , whatever major gallery do not have the authority to give an authentication certificate for an artwork. Sotheby's and Christie's or any good auction house will consult the solely recognized authentication expert for an artist before accepting it in their auction. They should do so, but we know today that many fakes were sold in these major auction houses. Art expert responsibility Art experts, in general, may give an opinion at their responsibility ( Don't forget that in the US everybody can sue anybody for whatever reason..), for which they can be sued if the sole authenticator refuses to authenticate artwork. In the US because of this possibility to sue an individual or an organization several major institutions so the Warhol-Pollock-Haring-Dekooning-foundation decided to stop the service of authentication. For these painters, if you didn't receive an authentication before they decided to close the authentication service there is one solution left: making a file that proves the item's authenticity with indisputable and verifiable arguments. Art experts are reluctant to put in writing opinions because of the possibility to be sued: See Wildenstein, Warhol Foundation etc
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Laurent Fabius, known as the pillar of the Socialist Party or the President of the Constitutional Council, less as the passionate about art. Son of an antique dealer, friend of Pierre Soulages and Yan Pei-Ming, he has been handling the brush himself for several years. This prompted him to write on the material and spiritual character of polyptychs, the theme of his latest book to be published on October 20 by Gallimard. “Personally, I didn't experience like others this sudden changeover, this vision-click in front of a sculpture or a specific painting. My life with works of art has gone through several stages. The first, until I was thirty, was marked by complete rejection. My father, from a family of antique dealers and an antique dealer himself, took us, still children, almost every week, to visit a museum for hours. It was the overdose. In a second phase, I relearned, as an autodidact, to frequent galleries, artists, specialists, sales rooms, with growing pleasure. In 2007–2008, I was struck by a Standing Woman by Alberto Giacometti, then on view at the Center Pompidou. In front of this figure, of a strength and a touching fragility, I understood better that, to enrich and transmit an emotion, I had to write. In 2010, my first book Le Cabinet des Douze: views on the paintings that make France appeared . Final (?) step: a few years ago, I started painting myself. This allowed me both to better understand the designer's point of view, tempted me to paint large formats and led me to juxtapose panels, often for lack of space. This is the starting point for my research on multiple-panel works and for my forthcoming new book Tableaux pluriels – Journey among the polyptychs of yesterday and today . Through these stages, art has become an essential part of my life. If I were asked, today, what I need to appreciate a work, I would gladly answer, beyond all useful analyses, that for me, in front of a painting or a sculpture, the right criterion is is… goosebumps. » Beaux Arts magazine Sarah Belmont Art expert: https://www.vwart.com/

It quickly rose to become the third most watched film on Netflix. The most recent feature film by Rian Johnson, titled Glass Onion, is a stunning examination of a Greek island. The film focuses on a rich computer mogul... whose collection of works of art smacks of excess and folly. Beaux-Arts will explain to you in a manner that is more or less clear all of the allusions that have been hidden inside it. But there is never any luck involved. Matisse, Rothko, da Vinci, Basquiat, Mondrian, Banksy, Cocteau, Vermeer, and Twombly are some of the artists that come to mind. Even the most impressive art collections in the world can only dream of having a collection comparable to that of Miles Bron (played by Edward Norton). It is found when the viewer approaches the magnificent mansion of the billionaire, alone with its infinity pool and its green garden in the center of an island in Greece. It is eclectic, merging ancient and modern art, and it is known as "The Green Garden." "It seems like the Tate Modern!" cries one of her friends, the corrupt politician Claire Debella (Kathryn Hahn), who, along with six other pals, was invited to a weekend murder party at Miles, which was in full containment. "It feels like the Tate Modern!" The finishing touch to the dish? A live appearance by the Mona Lisa. The picture of Leonardo da Vinci that Claire believes to be a "reproduction" was really the original painting that was loaned by the Louvre museum to the millionaire. "Thank you, epidemic," he announces to his guests while smiling devilishly at them. The Louvre was closed, and there was no water in France, so I went ahead and got a short-term loan for myself. You were required to put some thought into it! A Rothko dangling the wrong way up In point of fact, the filmmaker Rian Johnson favors settings that are crammed to the gills with various pieces of art. Knives Out, his first film, centered on the investigator Benoit Blanc (played by Daniel Craig), and took place in the family home of a successful thriller writer. The home was obviously perfectly decorated, and we recognized in particular the virtuoso trompe-l'oeil (and appropriately) Fleeing Criticism (1874) by Pere Borrell del Caso. This extremely busy design here takes on another connotation that is more profound. It's not simply a classy background with a few winks hidden behind it; it's an essential part of the scene. Because the millionaire looks up to him and expresses the desire to achieve the same level of success that he has, it would seem that he has been successful in transforming him into his alter ego and in permanently tying their destiny. But we won't go into more detail. Let's just say, without giving anything away to you, that the Mona Lisa provides the film with the most magnificent conclusion... See all photographs and read more about the top 15 films ever made on art. "Rick studied art history, and I depended on him to blend pricey classics with pastiches of satirical tendencies in modern art." Rian Johnson, also known as For this body of work, the director sought out Rick Heinrichs, who serves in the role of creative director. The thought? To best evoke the bewildering collection of an absurdly wealthy man, today's entrepreneur whose megalomania could recall that of Elon Musk. "Lack of intelligence and excess of wealth," he explained to Le Monde on December 23, 2022. "To best evoke the bewildering collection of an absurdly wealthy man." These are the elements that go into it. One of the most appealing aspects of this setting is the fact that the Rothko is hung in an inverted position. I counted on Rick, who had a background in art history, to combine pricey treasures with parodies of humorous tendencies in current art. There is a mosaic here that represents Kanye West..." The association of works, some sublime (La Joie de vivre by Matisse hung in a room or a Cy Twombly, Untitled (Bacchus 1st Version V)), others appalling (a monumental portrait of the bare-chested billionaire, ill. above), is in chillingly bad taste. This is the entire genius of this very personal museum: the association of works. Benoit Blanc is irritated by the fact that the toilets are hanging, which is one of the reasons why all of them are there: they are just an outward symbol of riches. a Van Gogh painting titled "Portrait of Madame Trabuc" from 1889, a Matisse painting titled "Icarus" from 1943, and a Degas painting titled "The Absinthe" from 1875–1876 [ill. below]. A state of mental uneasiness Rian Johnson so deftly steers his ship, as he is able to stack up masterpieces that are highly confirmed by Western taste, while at the same time giving birth to an uneasy sense in the face of such an accumulation. According to what the filmmaker had more to say in the pages of Le Monde, "I feel there is a particularly American contradiction between scorn for the wealthy and the temptation to associate money with talent and knowledge." Because he places such a high value on what has already been named and applauded more than he does on his own feelings, Miles Bron is immensely wealthy, but he also has no sense of taste and is thus uneducated. Or Bourdieu's ideas on society in the age of the super-rich. Seen in Beaux-Arts, Mailys Celeux-Lanval
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Date: 1929 – 1932 Central panel: 204 x 204 cm. 80 x 80 in 204 x 102 cm each. Historical context :
Otto Dix is a German painter who voluntarily joined the conflict of the First World War as a soldier. He comes back very rebellious and pacifist. He is also very shocked by the horror and inhumanity of this war. This artist created his work between 1929 and 1932, at a time when nationalist ideas were resurfacing in Germany and people were beginning to forget the terrible suffering brought by the war. Otto Dix therefore wanted to recall them   Description :
Left Panel : In the foreground we see a group of soldiers in combat gear: with weapons, helmets and large backpacks. We don't see their faces. We have the impression of a troop going to war. They move into a brown where they disappear and seem to get lost. We notice in the background that the sky is heavy with black and red, which portends violence. Central panel : In the foreground we notice the representation of carnage: we see blood, many corpses piled up, overturned and abandoned, disorder, dirt. One has holes in his legs, and another holds out his hand with his stomach open. They are completely destroyed, deteriorated. We also notice A man appearing alive with a gas mask, as well as a helmet, watching the death scene. He seems petrified. We can't see his face. Above, we see a skeleton. He is depicted as if he was flying. He has a finger pointing at the pile of corpses, the blood... . We also see a burned tree trunk. In the background we can see destroyed cities, ruins, holes, no trace of life. The sky is overcast, we can see smoke. Lower panel : We notice bodies lying next to each other, we don't know if these people are alive or dead. They are in a sort of box and a sort of sheet hovers over them. Right Panel : We see a man, from the front, dressed in white, carrying another human who appears injured. They do not have any military uniform, or it is incomplete. The man walks among bodies on the ground (disfigured and dead men). Around him the land is dilapidated, we can still see holes in the ground. We see a black tree behind the man. The sky in the background is dark and red.   Plastic analysis :
• The painting is painted in triptych, which is read from left to right then down, like a kind of story. It is made with paint on wood. This work recalls The Isenheim Altarpiece by Mathias GRÜNEWALD, a Renaissance work. The latter is also a question of death and suffering ( Crucifixion of Christ in the center). • There is contrast. Particularly in the left panel with the man in white and the black background. Otto Dix usually uses shades of brown/red. Brown is also the dominant color, the brown of the earth. Red is used in particular for the stormy sky. The colors are dark, but we can see points of light in certain places like in the central panel. There is a line of force in this painting. It is located in the main panel, it is the skeleton which points to the piled up corpses.   Interpretation:
Left panel : Men equipped with helmets and weapons, so they are soldiers. We don’t see their faces  no more individuals, no more humanity. The blood-red sky alludes to the place of combat. These are then soldiers going into combat, to death. We see that these men advance in the mist, and that we see them less and less - death takes them away. Central panel : Again the image of death with the skeleton in the air which shows the dead  death always present. We see that a soldier extends his hand as if to grab something: hand on a white background  looking for help in a universe without humanity. The only living soldier observes this man but remains motionless, he does not move, does not react  No more humanity. The destroyed bodies, opened, the blood strongly recalls the carnage, and the violence of death. The holes on the ground at the bottom probably caused by shells. Dilapidated cities  Carnage of war. Right panel : Living man highlighted by white on the dark, black/red background. This man is not dressed in uniform. We see his face (self-portrait of the artist?). He carries a wounded person - a symbol of humanism. White = hope in a world where death is everywhere. The trunk behind the “savior” as well as this man recalls Christ carrying his cross. Christ/Savior who carries his cross; He carries what will lead him to death = the savior who helps a man; which will lead to his death. Black and red sky, showing horror, and combat, as well as death and hell. Lower panel : Body in a sort of vault  A tomb? A trench ? Are these men alive and dead? They are locked up and cannot free themselves: no life possible.   Conclusion : This work is a hyper realistic reconstruction of the carnage and the battlefields. It very intensely shows the horror and violence of war through the presence of blood, corpses and dark colors. We also realize that death is everywhere. The author denounces the barbarity and absurdity of war. Otto Dix painted himself as the savior because he warns us against these atrocities. It highlights what combat really is: Suffering, loneliness, dirt and horror.
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The #MeToo movement has made "violence against women" a social issue that even Pablo Picasso, who died nearly 50 years ago, seems unable to escape, a subject that museums and his grandson, Olivier, wish to approach with "accuracy." Since the 1980s, several controversial works have painted negative portraits of the icon of modern art, whose work has been nourished by his relationships with the women in his life. Fernande Olivier, Olga Khokhlova, Marie-Thérèse Walter, Dora Maar, Françoise Gilot, Jacqueline Roque... so many "muses". Their names are cited in art history, speaking of "identities, personalities very different" and "relationships on which my grandfather never spoke publicly," told Olivier Widmaier-Picasso. The latter devoted two books to the painter, born in 1881 in Malaga (Spain) and died in 1973 in France, in Mougins, "by questioning his still living entourage and the family archives" to "set the record straight". - "Missing" work - "There were ascents, descents, violent works, others very tender, very gentle, but we realize each time that after having exhausted his inspiration, he moves on to something else", adds the son of Maya Widmaier-Picasso. Maya Widmaier-Picasso was born in the union of the Spanish artist with Marie-Thérèse Walter, she was a "privileged confidante of her father until the 1950s". "Without his women, the work would be missing." "#MeToo damaged the artist", recognizes Cécile Debray, director of the Picasso museum in Paris, questioned by AFP on a feminist podcast created by Julie Beauzac, including an episode devoted to Pablo Picasso ("Separating the man from the 'artist') was followed by 250,000 people. However, there is no question of approaching the subject "in a frontal and unequivocal way", continues the museum director. This podcast gives the floor to Sophie Chauveau, journalist and author of "Picasso, the Minotaur" who describes "the irresistible and devastating hold of genius on those who loved him." Ms. Chauveau claims to have investigated "for years" without having access to the family archives. She evokes a "brilliant" painter as much as a "violent", "jealous", "perverse" and "destructive" man, "great seducer" not hesitating to conquer and abuse very young women. "Assertions without reference to historical, approximate, and anachronistic sources", deplores Ms. Debray. - "Idol to knock down" - "The attack is all the more violent because Picasso is the most famous and popular figure in modern art. An idol that must be destroyed," adds Ms. Debray. According to Olivier Widmaier-Picasso, Picasso's descendants never attacked the book, preferring "not to shed any additional light on it." "How do you resist such a personality?" he wonders. "There are those who got away with it and some who struggled. I don't think it was voluntary and conscious, I think he had such a creative force that he was devoted to his art from an early age, and finally, at the end of his life, he was facing the canvas all alone and did not need anyone. However, it is impossible to avoid a debate, he concedes, like the two representatives of the museums in Paris and Barcelona. But "you have to show the work in a didactic, rich and varied way, in its formal radicalness, through a broad presentation of the collection and by inviting contemporary looks", explains Ms. Debray. Among these looks: the French artist Orlan and her series "The crying women are angry", which offers a rereading of the work of Picasso "to put the woman-subject at the center", the Belgian visual artist Farah Atassi, who re-examines the question of the painter and his model, or the French visual artist Sophie Calle, programmed in Paris. "This reflection on Picasso and the feminist or feminine gaze on his work is an eminently current debate, which must not be diverted or caricatured", adds Mr. Guigon. In Barcelona, the Picasso Museum has launched a series of workshops inviting specialists, art historians, and sociologists to offer a diversity of points of view on the work. They are also highlighted by exhibitions devoted to Picasso's sister Lola Ruiz-Picasso, or Brigitte Baer, ​​an art historian specializing in Picasso's engravings. Seen on France24.com © AFP

Hunting antiques in thrift stores and flea markets sometimes allows you to have surprises: buying a Roman bust for $35, only to discover a few years later that it dates from the 1st century AD. This beautiful story comes from the United States where, in 2018, an antique dealer named Laura Young decides to go in search of "something cool" in a second-hand store in Austin, Texas. She quickly sights a sculpted marble bust, slightly dirty and left abandoned under a second-hand clothes table. His price? Just 35 dollars. Laura Young decides to buy it without any idea of ​​its real value. The American, however, has a doubt. The bust, which she knows nothing about, appeared to be "really, really old , " she told the BBC . The woman then embarked on research to date and determine the character that this sculpture represents. The experts follow one another, and the verdict falls: the statue turns out to be a 2,000-year-old Roman bust, which dates back to the 1st century AD. Its value is priceless. Stolen in Bavaria Throughout the expertise, the mysteries surrounding the sculpture arise, particularly on the identity of the character it represents. It would be a Roman general named Drusus Germanicus (38-9 BC), known to have fought in German lands. However, not everyone is of the same opinion. Some believe that it is rather one of the sons of Pompey the Great (106-48 BC), who had faced Julius Caesar during the civil war (49-45 BC). -C) . Its provenance has also been clarified. The bust is believed to be from a replica of a Roman villa in Germany called Pompejanum, built in Aschaffenburg, Bavaria, and badly damaged during World War II. The sculpture would have been brought to the United States by an American soldier stationed in the German city, specifies the British media . Stolen, the bust, therefore cannot be sold by Laura Young and will soon be exhibited in a museum in San Antonio, in the southern United States. At least until 2023 . In a year, the work will indeed make the opposite journey, and will return to Germany. Seen in Slate - Robin Tutenges

No matter how we turn the problem in all directions, the market makes the artists. The buyers make the art market, that is, collectors, gallery owners, and the State. And if we say that it is the market that drives the artists, it is because the recognition of the status of the artist goes through their income, mainly the sale of their works. Because despite the abolition of the distinction between affiliates and taxable people, the criterion of annual income (nearly $ 10,000) remains decisive for opening the rights to social protection of authors and thus being considered an artist. The alternative to the market would be the wage that would compensate for the work; in other words, the time an artist spends to produce his work. But it is hard to imagine the painter or the plastic artist going to point to the gallery owner or a public person (State, local community) and work thirty-five hours a week at his employer. A report mentions a possible commission contract to compensate the artist working time. Still, he must turn to the Superior Council of Literary and Artistic Property with the multiple operational, legal, and fiscal obstacles. The former president of the Center Pompidou and the BNF, and future director of the Pinault Collection in Venice must, therefore, rely on the criterion of non-salaried income to distinguish professional, occasional, and amateur artists. But it is trying to regulate the invisible hand of the market with devices that make it possible to reach this famous threshold. $ 10,000 a year is not enough to make a living from your art, but this safety net keeps you waiting for commercial success, especially if the affiliate has other income. By the way, many professions are recognized but complain of being discredited, unlike artists who enjoy a rather flattering image but would like to be recognized. In conclusion, whether the market has the taste and knows how to recognize talent, that's another story.
Seen in Le Monde - Culture

1. The last years of Vincent Van Gogh If many filmmakers (Maurice Pialat, Robert Altman, Vincente Minnelli) had already taken possession of the life of Vincent Van Gogh, Julian Schnabel - himself a painter - signs a unique biopic of its kind. Blue and yellow filters, unstable camera, twilight fields, charred sunflowers: the expressionist aesthetic of the film perfectly expresses the mystical torments of the accursed artist. Artist last years are followed in Arles, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence and Auvers- sur-Oise. Although it is always strange to hear Van Gogh speak English, the actor Willem Dafoe fits perfectly into the skin of the painter. With him, other big names from the big screen like Mads Mikkelsen (fantastic), Rupert Friend, and Niels Arestrup. At Eternity's Gate American film by Julian Schnabel • 2018 • 1 h 50
2. The provocative itinerary of Chris Burden Chris Burden was locked in a locker for five days, shot in the arm and crucified on the hood of a Volkswagen, in the name of ART. But he is also the creator of Urban Light (2008), a magical forest of lampposts installed in front of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Nourished by videos of the extreme performances which made him known in the 1970s, comments by art critics, glimpses of his private life and reflections from the artist himself, this documentary released the year of his death in 2016 paints a portrait of a provocative trash, whose works have calmed down over time. Burden A documentary by Timothy Marrinan and Richard Dewey • 2016 • 1 h 30
3. Experts in the kingdom of painters Monet, Rembrandt, Turner, Renoir, Chagall, and others, each episode of this British documentary series, launched in 2011 on the BBC, looks at a possible lost work by a great artist. The goal? Determine if it is an original or an excellent copy! Already at the origin of several discoveries, the English art dealer and art historian Philip Mold and the journalist Fiona Bruce are leading the investigation, assisted by Bendor Grosvenor, an art historian recognized in Great Britain, as well as of a team of scientists and archivists. Ready for a treasure hunt? Fake or Fortune British docu-series • 2011-2019 • 7 seasons each containing between 3 and 5 episodes of 1 hour each.
4. Velvet Buzzsaw: contemporary art in lint In Los Angeles, a mannered art critic, a ruthless gallery owner, and a long-toothed assistant discover the posthumous work of a marginal artist. Dark and tortured canvases that could pay big if an evil power did not inhabit them... Worn by excellent actors including Jake Gyllenhaal, Toni Collette, and John Malkovich, Velvet Buzzsaw reveals himself - despite a caricature a little too pushed - an enjoyable satire across the world of contemporary art. Nonsense, vanity, greed, perversity, fierce competition. Absolutely nothing is spared us! Velvet Buzzsaw Dan Gilroy's American film • 2019 • 1 h 52 5. An artist's fight against Kim Jong-un This superb documentary traces the poignant journey of a North Korean propaganda painter who fled his country in the 1990s to become a satirist artist whose committed works defy the Kim regime. Although one of the first North Korean artists to be able to show his work around the world freely, Sun Mu - a pseudonym meaning without borders - continues to hide his face, including during his performances in public, to protect his family who stayed in North Korea. I am Sun Mu A documentary by Adam Sjöberg • 2015 • 1 hr 27 mins
6. Diary of a Korean painter of the XVIth century In this series River, an art historian discovers the diary of Shin Saimdang (1504-1551), a famous woman painter, poet, and calligrapher Korean XVIth century. Then follows a play of mirrors between the lives of the two women (one fictitious, the other romanticized) and their respective eras. Faced with the beauty and elegance of the staging, we easily forgive the melodramatic exaggerations specific to Korean dramas. T he ceremonial of color preparation lulls us, the brushes tracing their sinuous path on paper, the light filtering in through the bamboo leaves, and the ballet of fabrics stretched in the wind. Saimdang, Memoir of Colors Korean series by Yun Sang-Ho • 2017 • 1 season (28 episodes of 1 hour each)
7. Cai Guo-Qiang's pyrotechnic reveries Build a light ladder to reach the sky: everyone dreamed of it, Cai Guo-Qiang did it. This contemplative documentary traces the history of an ambitious and poetic project while painting the portrait of its author, Cai Guo-Qiang, known for his pyrotechnic performances of great beauty. Eye powder? No, because the film also evokes angry questions. Like the fact that this 61-year-old Chinese artist, living in New York since 1995, fueled the propaganda of the Chinese government by carrying out the fireworks for the opening of the Beijing Olympics in 2008. The Celestial Ladder - The Art of Cai Guo-Qiang A documentary by Kevin Macdonald • 2016 • 1 hr 19 mins
8. Art as a remedy This Brazilian story tells us a true story. In 1944, Nise da Silveira rebelled against the electroshock and lobotomy. They were performed by her colleagues on schizophrenic patients in a psychiatric hospital in the suburbs of Rio. To these barbaric methods, this woman doctor opposes art therapy by opening a clinic-workshop, then a museum dedicated to the creations of her patients. Particularly touching and soothing, the painting scenes follow the emergence of a group of self-taught artists of fascinating sincerity. One of the most powerful functions of art is the revelation of the unconscious, says one of Nise only supporters. Nise: The Heart of Madness Roberto Berliner Brazilian film • 2016 • 1 h 49
9. A Polish genius emerges from the shadows In this documentary, several artists relate the life of a forgotten genius: the Polish painter and sculptor Stanislaw Szukalski (1893–1987), who had endeavored to create an art based on the history and mythology of his country, and whose pre-war works were all destroyed by the German army. Emigrated to the United States, this eccentric had become a key figure in the Chicago Renaissance movement in the 1910s, before developing a far-fetched theory in 42 volumes on the history of humanity. Funny detail, the film was produced by Leonardo DiCaprio, Szukalski, having befriended the father of the actor during his exile in Los Angeles in the 1970s. Struggle: Szukalski life and lost art A documentary by Irek Dobrowolski • 2018 • 1 hr 45 mins
10. Contemporary design in series This original Netflix docu-series, produced by multi-award winning documentary filmmaker Morgan Neville, has offered to immerse the viewer at the heart of the work of genius contemporary designers since 2017. After a first season which was interested in the work of the German illustrator Christoph Niemann or the legendary creator of the Nike shoe, Tinker Hatfield, the second season is devoted in particular to the spectacular art of Olafur Eliasson and the costumes of Ruth Carter films. Abstract has the distinction of filming the creative process as closely as possible, letting the words of these everyday hubcaps shine.
seen in Beaux-Arts

Analysis of the skeleton of an individual who lived in the southwest of England ten thousand years ago showed that he had black skin, brown hair, and blue eyes, thus contradicting the idea that the first Britons were white and blond. Named "Cheddar Man" , this well-preserved skeleton discovered in 1903 in Cough Cave, near Cheddar's village in Somerset, underwent a comprehensive DNA analysis that allowed the faithful facial reconstruction of its owner who belonged to a group black-skinned human. Researchers eventually established that clear-skinned Europeans did not appear until around 4000 BCE. Due to genetic changes and to a change in diet, hunters moved to agriculture and a more sedentary life with climatic conditions different from those experienced by their ancestors from Africa. "Cheddar Man" therefore, belonged to a group of individuals who came to Great Britain (we could then pass on foot between France and England) after having passed through Europe 14,000 years ago. According to researchers, 10% of Brits are said to be genetically linked to them. The skeleton analysis has enabled researchers to observe that immigrants' successive waves had reached the British Islands over the millennia. Researchers were also able to find that humans were endowed with different pigmentations when they swarmed across Africa 300,000 years ago before arriving in Europe 250,000 years later. It may be recalled that the study of the fossil of a 7000-year-old individual found in Spain had already suggested that he had dark skin and blue eyes, whereas until now, we had remained in doubt concerning humans living during the Mesolithic period in Great Britain where the study of more recent skeletons showed that they belonged to farmers from the Near East, some of whom already had fair skin. Adrian Darmon for artcult.com

Without purchasing a painting directly from an artist and possessing a certificate of authenticity issued by the artist, a bill of sale, or documentation indicating that the artwork was gifted to you by the artist, it is, in my opinion, exceedingly difficult to ascertain with absolute certainty that the painting you acquire is genuine. When you purchase an artwork that comes with a Certificate of Authenticity:
1- Ensure that this certificate is updated when purchasing or reselling the painting. An expert's view on an artwork may be subject to change. I witnessed a Parisian connoisseur of Eugene Boudin's art revising his assessment of a picture that he had previously verified as genuine three decades ago and included in his comprehensive inventory. The certificate you possess was created by Mr. X. However, Mr. X has since passed away and has been succeeded by Mr. Y. It is uncertain if Mr. Y will renew the certificate of authenticity. Ensure that the painting possesses the requisite certification. For instance, let's consider a picture created by the renowned artist Amedeo Modigliani. To establish the authenticity of a painting, it is necessary to get a certificate of authenticity issued by Ceroni. Mr. Ceroni has only recognized 337 artworks as genuine. The issue at hand is that our esteemed specialist has passed away. You possess additional highly significant authorities on Modigliani's oeuvre, such as Parisot, Restellini, and others. For instance, if you own a picture accompanied by the Certificate of Authenticity (COA) from Christian Parisot, a charismatic individual and esteemed historian, it may be challenging to sell due to his involvement in the production of counterfeit Modigliani artworks, among other allegations.Please refer to the links provided below. Restellini, the former secretary of Christian Parisot, has discontinued the preparation of the catalogue raisonné that he had begun due to receiving death threats. This unfortunate incident sheds light on the evil side of the fine art world.
http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/modigliani-expert-accused-of-being-arts-biggest-fraud-8463883.html
The link provided leads to an article on the website of The Independent, a news publication. The article discusses an accusation made against a supposed expert on the artist Mod The provided link leads to an article on the New York Times website from February 3, 2014, which discusses the authenticity of a Modigliani painting 2- Is a certificate of authenticity issued by a gallery completely reliable? If the certificate is issued by a very reputable gallery, it will be accompanied with an authenticity certificate signed by the known artist alone. Frequently, these galleries would showcase the artist's work from previous periods. While those galleries are generally trustworthy, I will always request the original certificate due to the emergence of several recent scandals. One notable example is the Knoedler Gallery in New York, which has faced legal action regarding forgery: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/12/arts/design/lawsuits-in-knoedler-forgery-case-are-set-for-trial.html
If the certificate is issued by a gallery that is not ranked among the top 25 galleries worldwide, it might be deemed entirely worthless. It is imperative that you consistently seek the updated certificate from the officially authorized authenticator and make your purchase conditional upon receiving this certificate. This will prevent the deal from being canceled.
© Gerard Van Weyenbergh

How to be sure that the painting you buy is 100 % authentic ? Unless you bought a painting directly from an artist, and that you have a certificate of authenticity emitted by him, and a bill of sale or a paper showing a gift, it is in my opinion impossible to have a 100 % certitude that the painting you buy is authentic. If you buy a painting with a certificate of authenticity, you need to: 1- have this certificate updated at the time you buy or re-sell the painting a/ an expert may change his opinion about a painting. I saw a Parisian expert for Eugene Boudin change his opinion about the painting he authenticated 30 years earlier and that he inventoried in his catalogue raisonne. b/the certificate you have has been made by Mr. X, but today Mr. X passed away and is replaced by Mr. Y. Mr. Y may or may not renew the certificate of authenticity. c/ you need to be sure that the painting has the appropriate certificate: By example a painting by Amedeo Modigliani. You need to have a certificate of authenticity made by Ceroni , only 337 paintings have been admitted as authentic by Mr. Ceroni. The problem is our important expert passed away .. You have other very important experts on Modigliani's work, Parisot, Restellini, etc By example if you have a painting with the COA from Christian Parisot, who is a very charming man, and a great historian, you will have it very difficult to have it sold because he was accused of making fake Modigliani works etc ..see links here under. Restellini ( ex secretary of Christian Parisot !)abandoned the writing of the catalogue raisonne he started since he received death threats ... yes fine art has his" Dark side" very dark... http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/modigliani-expert-accused-of-being-arts-biggest-fraud-8463883.html http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/03/arts/design/a-modigliani-who-says-so.html?_r=0 2- Does the certificate of authenticity made by a gallery 100 % reliable? a/ if the certificate is made by a gallery of very high standing, they will have the certificate made by the sole recognized painter in any way. Often these galleries were exhibiting the artist in the past. Those galleries are of course reliable but I will always ask the original certificate since several scandals made surface recently and especially one of the oldest gallery in the USA, the Knoedler Gallery in NY: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/12/arts/design/lawsuits-in-knoedler-forgery-case-are-set-for-trial.html http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/12/marc-dreier_n_3744677.html b/ if the certificate is made by a gallery that is not considered as one of the top 25 galleries in the world, just consider that this certificate is completely useless. You always should request the original updated certificate by the sole recognized authenticator and submit your buy to the contingency of providing this certificate if they don't want to see the sale canceled.

From the Petit Palais to Carnavalet, from the Cognacq-Jay Museum to the Museum of Modern Art in the city of Paris, this "open content" operation aims to "promote the increase in the visibility of works and knowledge of collections in France and abroad " , explained Paris Musées in a press release. These museums, containing many treasures, suffer from the notoriety of Parisian giants like the Louvre, Orsay, the Grand Palais or the Center Pompidou. The opening of the data "guarantees free access and reuse by all of the digital files, without technical, legal or financial restrictions, for commercial or non-commercial use , " said Paris Musées. Beyond the 100,000 of today, Paris Musées will put more and freer access images as they are digitized and when they go into the public domain. It will now suffice for the Internet user to go to the Paris Musées collections site , and, using keywords - for example, Petit Palais and Claude Monet - to display all the corresponding works, accompanied by cards indicating the date of realization, the materials used, the origin. It will then suffice to download the image he has chosen to have it in high definition. Each user will receive in addition to the image and the notice of the work, an invitation to cite the source and the information on the work. "If this license is already used by international museums such as the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam or the Metropolitan Museum in New York, Paris Musées is the first French Parisian institution to take it up," the press release said.
Le journal des arts