Art Authentication and Certificate of Authenticity (C.O.A.)
An art authentication or Certificate of Authenticity (C.O.A.) is issued exclusively by a solely recognized authenticator—an expert widely acknowledged by major auction houses and institutions as the definitive authority on a specific artist.
Who is a Solely Recognized Authenticator?
Expertise: Certifies whether an artwork is authentic or not.
Recognition: Their authority is internationally accepted by auction houses and collectors.
Background:
Often someone closely associated with the artist (e.g., Paloma Picasso for Picasso artworks).
May be a family member, a trusted collaborator, or an organization with extensive experience in studying the artist’s work (e.g., Julius Held for Peter Paul Rubens; now the Rubenianum in Antwerp).
Authentication Challenges for Old Masters
Authorship authentication for Old Masters like Rembrandt or Raphael is complex.
Often requires consensus from multiple leading experts.
Process duration: 5+ years, with significant costs involved.
Requirements for Authentication
A. Photographic Documentation
Required Photos:
3 black-and-white photos (5” x 6” or similar).
3 color photos (5” x 6” or similar).
High-Resolution Digital Images:
Large, professional-quality digital photos on a USB drive (replacing older Ektachrome transparencies).
Professional Quality: Photos must be taken by a professional photographer.
B. Supporting Documents
Provenance:
A verifiable history of ownership.
Examples: Photos, letters, or other tangible proof.
Statements alone (e.g., “I received this from Picasso in 1957”) are insufficient without documentation.
Condition Report:
Detailed report outlining restoration history and current state of conservation.
Back of Artwork:
High-quality photos of the back, including annotations, patches, or restorations.
Purchase Records:
Bills of sale or other documentation proving acquisition.
Role of an Expert in the Authentication Process
An experienced expert should:
Prepare the File:
Collect and organize all required documents and photos.
Create additional supporting materials, including:
Comparisons to other works by the artist (especially from the same period).
Placement in the catalogue raisonné.
Provenance and historical research.
Signature and handwriting analysis (if applicable).
Technical Analysis:
Onsite inspection of the artwork.
Studies of pigments, support materials (canvas, panel, board), technique, and style.
UV light (Wood's lamp) examination.
Representation:
Serve as an intermediary with the authenticator.
Additional Services
Graphology analysis (for handwriting).
In-depth research on the painting’s historical context and ownership.
Through meticulous documentation and expert representation, the authentication process establishes the authenticity and historical significance of the artwork, securing its value and legacy.
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